What is a Hypothesis? Multiple Perspectives

📊 Core Definition

A hypothesis is a testable statement or prediction about the relationship between variables that can be empirically examined through observation or experimentation.

🔬 Scientific Method

"A testable prediction about the relationship between two or more variables."

Standard textbook definition

  • Must be falsifiable
  • Leads to specific predictions
  • Based on prior knowledge
  • Can be proven wrong through evidence

📚 Karl Popper

"A hypothesis is falsifiable if it belongs to a language or logical structure capable of describing an empirical observation that contradicts it."

The Logic of Scientific Discovery (1934)

  • Must be falsifiable
  • Provisional conjecture until disproven
  • Basis for critical testing
  • Distinguishes science from non-science

🧠 Psychology Research

"A statement describing the investigator's expectation about the pattern of data that may result from a given study."

APA Dictionary of Psychology

  • States specific expectations about direction and magnitude
  • Based on theoretical framework
  • Guides research methodology
  • Links theory to empirical testing

💡 Thomas Huxley

"The 'Origin' provided us with the working hypothesis we sought... a working basis for further investigation."

On the Reception of the 'Origin of Species' (1887)

  • Practical orientation
  • Temporary and flexible tool
  • Foundation for exploration
  • Starting point, not final answer

What is a Hypothesis? A Comparative View

Core Commonality: A Testable Starting Point

Despite different phrasing, all definitions agree a hypothesis is a proposed explanation or prediction that initiates and guides investigation.
Source Definition Key Emphasis
Oxford Languages "a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation." Starting point, limited evidence
Merriam-Webster "An assumption or concession made for the sake of argument... a tentative assumption made in order to draw out and test its logical or empirical consequences." Tentative assumption, testing consequences
ChatGPT "a proposed explanation or prediction about how something works, which can be tested through experiments, observations, or analysis" Explanation/prediction, testability
Claude "a proposed explanation or prediction that can be tested through observation or experimentation. It's essentially an educated guess based on existing knowledge or observations." Educated guess, existing knowledge
DeepSeek "a testable, falsifiable prediction about the relationship between variables or the outcome of an experiment. It's a proposed explanation that can be supported or refuted through empirical investigation." Falsifiability, variables, empirical

Common Themes Across Definitions

  • Testability - Must be investigable through experiment or observation
  • Provisional Nature - A starting point, not a conclusion
  • Explanatory Power - Seeks to explain or predict phenomena
  • Evidence-Based - Grounded in existing knowledge or limited evidence
  • Action-Oriented - Designed to guide further investigation